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TOKYO—Japan is looking to join the U.S., China and Russia with a stealth fighter that senior Japanese air-force officials say can be ready for a prototype test flight in just three years, significantly upping the ante in the intensifying battle for air superiority in the Pacific.
The prototype will likely be able to fly in 2014, Lt. Gen. Hideyuki Yoshioka, director of air systems development at Japan's Ministry of Defense, said in an interview with the Associated Press.
The U.S. F-22—here on the ground in Australia—apparently out of reach, Japan is going its own way.
He said Japan has put 39 billion yen ($473 million) into the project since 2009, after it became clear the U.S. was not likely to sell it the F-22 "Raptor"—America's most advanced fighter jet—because of a congressional export ban.
``We are two years into the project, and we are on schedule,'' Gen. Yoshioka said Monday. He stressed that a successful test flight of the prototype, dubbed "Shinshin" ("Spirit"), would not lead to immediate production. The prototype would test advanced technologies, and if successful the government would decide in 2016 how to proceed.
Japan is feeling the pressure of a regional dogfight over fighter superiority.
"If the countries surrounding Japan have stealth capabilities, Japan will need to develop those capabilities itself to ensure our own defense," said Col. Yoshikazu Takizawa of the Defense Ministry's Technical Research and Development Institute.
For its defense, Japan relies to a large degree on its alliance with the U.S., which has a significant number of fighters and other aircraft, along with some 50,000 troops, stationed around the archipelago. But that alliance, and Japan's relatively deep pockets, were not enough to persuade the U.S. Congress to let Japan buy the coveted F-22. It repeatedly squashed the idea due to fears that the jet contained too much secret technology to share with even Washington's closest friends.
"Japan wanted the F-22, but Congress didn't agree to that," Gen. Yoshioka said. "We realized that it was important for us to develop our domestic capabilities."
China and Russia, meanwhile, have made great strides toward perfecting stealth fighters that could rival the F-22, outfly Japan's current aircraft and—coupled with other rapid advances now under way, particularly by China's navy—tip the regional balance of power.
China surprised experts when it sent the stealthy Chengdu J-20 for a test flight in January—during a high-profile visit to Beijing by U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates. The J-20, which resembles the F-22 in many respects, has caused a great deal of consternation among U.S. and Japanese military planners because its development appears to be going faster than forecast. Beijing's heavy defense spending, overall military modernization and increasingly assertive stance on territorial issues were already causing nervousness.
Though the J-20 is still years away from combat readiness, it could complicate efforts to control potential conflicts over Taiwan or North Korea and dramatically improve China's air defenses.
Russia's new fighter, the Sukhoi T-50—being jointly developed with India's air force—took to the air last year. The T-50 is seen not only as a boost to Russian air power, of concern to Japan because of a lingering dispute over islands both claim in the north Pacific, but also as a strong indication that it wants to sell more top-of-the-line fighters abroad.
Japan's own air force is rapidly aging.
Tokyo wants to replace its old F-4EJ and F-15 fighters with more current aircraft, most likely the U.S.-built F-35 Joint Strike Aircraft or F/A-18, or the Eurofighter "Typhoon." It's much-delayed choice of a plane, a decision worth billions of dollars, is expected soon.
Japan's stealth program, called ATD-X—for advanced technologies demonstrator—is not aimed at supplanting those acquisition plans. Instead, a domestically made stealth fighter would provide an alternative for a third fighter Japan uses, the domestically produced F-2.
Officials stress that it also is crucial for Japanese engineers hone the ability to build a state-of-the-art fighter, in case foreign sources refuse to sell, as Washington did with the F-22.
"It is extremely important to maintain and improve domestic fighter production and technology bases," the Defense Ministry said in an outline of the ATD-X program released in late 2009, when development began in earnest.
Another big consideration is money.
The Defense Ministry expects the economic impact of domestic research, development and production to reach 8.3 trillion yen ($101 billion) and create 240,000 jobs.
